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Infor LX & BPCS Manufacturing Tip of the Week: Backward Scheduling

Operations are automatically backward scheduled at shop order release time. The backward scheduling algorithm starts with the shop order due date and schedules each operation based upon the standard move and queue times in the routings and the number of days the job is expected to run at standard. The system calculates and stores the operation scheduled start date. The dates may be modified by the shop order maintenance program. The number of days that a job is expected to run an operation is dependent upon the available capacity for that work center and the total hours scheduled for that operation.

The backward scheduling algorithm also considers the shop calendar for weekends, shutdowns, holidays, and partial days.

Backward Scheduling Process

The algorithm starts with the due date of the shop order or planned order. The system makes the following calculations for each operation in the reverse sequence:

  1. The number of move days is subtracted from the due date (or initial date of the previous operation) to get the due date for this operation. The move days are only used on valid shop calendar days.
  2. The system uses the following calculation for the number of clock hours for the operation: Standard run or machine hrs/No. of operators + setup hours
  3. The number of clock hours is spread over the available daily capacity of the work center for those given days. The system uses the following calculation for the daily capacity of the work center: Number of shifts x hours per shift x average efficiency/100
  4. Each day is checked against the shop calendar; the calculation bypasses inactive days or adjusts for any changes in the work center capacity for that day.
  5. Queue time days are subtracted in the same manner as move time days. The resulting date is the operation start date.

The algorithm then goes to the previous operation. When all operations have been included, the resulting date is the scheduled start date of the shop order. Note that MRP uses the item lead time to determine material requirement dates on planned orders.

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Tips:  LX | BPCS | M3

Standard costing is really a ‘best guess’ at labor costing -- these numbers are often inaccurate, incomplete or out of date.

Accurate job costing requires the capture of all tasks associated with a specific product or job, including direct and indirect labor in setup, production, and customer service.

Inaccuracies in the collection of time allocated to machinery and the use of materials can result in the inability to properly pass those charges through to the customer, reducing company profitability.

Basically, you can’t manage what you can’t measure -- and you can’t measure what you can’t track. So the inability to track time-to task ultimately inhibits maximum utilization of the workforce. Unproductive activities remain hidden from sight -- managers don’t have the information needed to understand where wasted time exists, and therefore cannot create an action plan to remove it.

Optimize Your Manufacturing Today!

  • Sit down with your IT team. Decide how the information will be captured and where it will be stored so that employees have access to it. What software tools need to be used to capture the information? How does it need to be organized? Create a repeatable process to make this easy for your staff.
     
  • Interview the person. Have them talk you through his/her job. What are the things they do every day? What are their biggest challenges? How do they overcome them? 
     
  • Have someone shadow the person for a week. Watch what they do and how they do it. Ask questions. Who does he/she interact with in their department? Outside of their department? Why?
     
  • Find out what tools he/she uses to perform their job? Are there spreadsheets?  Reports within your ERP / outside of your ERP? Separate stand-alone databases? Drawings? Websites? Why does he/she use them?
     
  • Video record how the person does their job. Is their technique critical to “doing it right” the first time and not ending up with a bunch of scrap that you can’t reuse?
     
  • Figure out if the person does anything special on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis that might not come up during the observation period or interview. 
     
  • Map how he/she uses your business system and how that impacts the rest of the company. Understand both the “what” and the “why”. Without this, new employees may end up figuring out what they need to do, but never understand why they need to do it.

Optimize Your Manufacturing Today!

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